Sociology Essay “How Far Would Sociologists Agree That...

â€Å"How far would sociologists agree that the media causes eating disorders in women? In this essay I will discuss how far sociologists would agree that the media causes eating disorders in women. Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the damage of an individuals physical and emotional health. Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue all young females in the west are exposed to the media and the stereotypical view of women is that they are â€Å"slim and beautiful†. This means that young females are influenced into trying to be the â€Å"perfect† image of a beautiful woman and in order to†¦show more content†¦Examples of these women are Cheryl Obama, Oprah Winfrey and Rushanara Ali who have become successful due to their own handwork and merit and not due to their size. Also women who are a plus size are now seen as healthy and beautiful, like Oprah thus promote physical health and can impa ct female in a positive way as they are not always subjected to images of stick thin women. Lastly functionalists may argue that eating disorders are caused due to the psychological effect of relations between mothers and daughters. This means that if a female didn’t have a healthy and loving relationship with her mother then it could trigger an eating disorder in her. An example of this is Adrianna from 90210 who didn’t have a healthy relationship with her mother and it could be said that this affected her psychologically which made her a victim of anorexia. This shows that the media is not responsible for eating disorders and doesn’t cause it but the family which is the only form of primary socialization does have a crucial part in females developing eating disorders. To conclude, I believe that the media does play a role in the cause of eating disorders in women however other factors such as peers and the family have an impact on the issue too and can help ca use it. Yet the media, a form of secondary socialization, didn’t portray women as being skinny females may not feel threatened by it and wouldn’t want to become the females portrayed by theShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. The authors have brought their wealth of experienceRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesmovement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the United States quite an amazing thing. Those who would presage the arrival of Rastafarianism also witnessed and read about the dramatic struggle of Emperor Haile Selassie to remove the Italians from his homeland of Ethiopia, which became the ï ¬ rst African nation to effectively oust, by force, a colonialRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSpecialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck Text and Cover Designer: Wanda Espana OB Poll Graphics: Electra Graphics Cover Art: honey comb and a bee working / Shutterstock / LilKar Sr. Media Project Manager, Editorial: Denise Vaughn Media Project Manager, Production: Lisa Rinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/KendalvilleRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesInterior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition: Integra Software Services Printer/Binder: Edwards Brothers Cover Printer: Coral Graphics Text Font: 10/12 Weidemann-Book Credits and acknowledgmentsRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesAnalysis of Risk and Regulation. He is Associate Editor of Accounting, Organizations and Society, and is also a member of the editorial board of the Journal of Management Accounting Research. He has published widely in accounting, management, and sociology journals. He co-edited (with Anthony Hopwood) Accounting as Social and Institutional Practice (Cambridge University Press, 1994). He is currently working on the roles of accounting in relation to the changing political vocabulary of public service

Romeo and Juliet Themes Love - 889 Words

The story of Romeo and Juliet, a Shakespearean tragic drama, is a huge part of our culture today. The story of two star-crossed lovers, separated by an age-old family feud, which is eventually ended by the death of both Romeo and Juliet, is deeply embedded in our cultural psyche. It is an allegory, a story of true love and sacrifice, that continues to resonate throughout modern time. There is a great deal of social stigma attached to the story. People are very critical of Romeo and Juliet’s decisions. Also, people are inspired, interested, and influenced by the melodramatic romance story. Every person knows the story, and we all can compare our lives to theirs. The lives of the 15th century characters are understandable because the†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the play, Romeo has â€Å"A feeling of strong or constant affection for a person,† this person being Rosaline. That small subset of love also includes the love that the Capulets and Montagues feel for their children. All the other types of love, â€Å"Attraction that includes sexual desire : the strong affection felt by people who have a romantic relationship : a person you love in a romantic way,† are included in Romeo and Juliet’s short-lived relationship. In contrast, many people would argue that Romeo and Juliet were not legitimately in love or that they were too young to experience real love. However, under most definitions of the word, Romeo and Juliet were in love, no matter their youth or circumstances. At the time that Shakespeare was writing the play, the church had recently legalized divorce; therefore, the populace had already been contemplating love and what true love is. Imaginably, people were thinking about divorces whether it be for them, their kin, or just the political aspect of divorce. Shakespeare wanted people to think about love while watching his plays. He hoped that people would learn that there are many kinds of l ove and to cherish the love that they have. Love is possibly one of the biggest -and perhaps most overrated- things in today’s society. Love is broadcast in the media as the most important thing someone could ever want or need. Magazines and websites are filled with dating quizzes andShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet836 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a famous story, known for being one of the greatest love stories of all time. It is quoted for its genius insight on just how this strange emotion works. Both Romeo and Juliet kill themselves for their love, and it only supports how strong love is, right? I disagree. My opinion is that Romeo and Juliet is not a great love story or even a love story at all. I instead believe that it is a cautionary tale about the fact the love can corrupt people. This theme is mainly shown throughRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet913 Words   |  4 Pagestimeless relevance. William Shakespeare’s tragedy, Romeo and Juliet (1599) is a play about star-crossed lovers who eventually are unable to run away and live together and enjoy their marriage. The play explores contrasting themes of several types love and hate, which in a way represents the motif of light versus dark that is presented in the play. These themes rely on each other to exist and lead to so many of the tragic events in the play. Love and hate have always been experienced, which makesRead MoreRomeo And Juliet Theme Of Love1026 Words   |  5 PagesRomeo and Juliet: Theme of Love - Written Rationale For Petcha Kutcha To begin, a blooming flower marks more than just the commencement of spring. I decided to visually perceive a blooming flower within my slides as it portrays the importance of Romeo and Juliet s love. Juliet verbalizes to Romeo that, â€Å"this bud of love, by summer’s ripening breath/ May prove a beauteous flower when next we meet.† (2.3.121-122) The flower bud describes the beginning of their love while the blooming flower representsRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdesires, such as feelings of love, lust, and passion. Shakespeares tragedy of youth, Romeo Juliet, sheds light on the issue that jejune love without congenial supervision, results in consequences of great devastation. This is observed by the true, genuine cases of love observed in the play, what Romeo and Juliet think of their love, and how their acts of trying to balance and change what is not possible results in their deaths and truly reveals why they are not a true lo ve. For frame of referenceRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet860 Words   |  4 PagesWith uncontrollable lust and desire, the effects can be devastating. In the tale â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† by William Shakespeare, the effects of ignorance and incomprehension are perceived. With the protagonists Romeo and Juliet attempting to escape the adversity and tribulations set upon them, they face many obstacles along the way. All for the purpose of achieving the â€Å"love† they so desire. With society and their parents prejudice, they naively continue to face such obstructive circumstances to desperatelyRead MoreHow Shakespeare Presents the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet634 Words   |  3 PagesPresents the Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Works Cited Missing Shakespeare presents the theme of love in different ways for each of the characters and for some, such as Romeo, Shakespeares portrayal of this theme changes as the play progresses. Shakespeares first portrayal of the theme of love is in the first act when Romeo is talkingRead MoreThe Theme of Love Presented in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet1630 Words   |  7 PagesThe Theme of Love Presented in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet Love, or a lack of it, is a very central theme in Romeo and Juliet and often is the root of many arguments in the play. It is very difficult to group love as just one thing as there are many versions of it. A love which the capulets particularly, seem to possess is a love of material possessions and power. For example, the Capulet ball (and subsequent plans for the marriage) is an indication of wealthRead MoreThe Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet544 Words   |  3 PagesThe Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet This essay is about the contrast of love and hate in the play by Shakespeare Romeo and Juliet. The essay tells you about how Shakespeare uses language and actions to promote the themes of love and hate and contrast throughout the play. The way he uses certain characters as love and others as hate and how change the story line with the contrast. While Romeo is at the ball he spots Juliet and instantlyRead MoreThemes Of Love And Hate : William Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1406 Words   |  6 PagesMs. Yousaf ENG-1D1 2016-06-06 Themes of Love and Hate in William Shakespeare s Romeo and Juliet â€Å"People must learn to hate, and if they can learn to hate, they can be taught to love, for love comes more naturally to the human heart than its opposite.†-Nelson Mandela Romeo and Juliet is a play about two young lovers, whose love was for destruction from the beginning because of the hatred between the two families, Montagues and Capulets. Therefore, the themes of love and hate are very important inRead MoreRomeo and Juliet - theme love Essay examples743 Words   |  3 Pagesand characters in the play, Romeo and Juliet, to convey that love conquers all. Through manipulation of Act 2, Scene 2, also renowned as the Balcony Scene’, Shakespeare effectively demonstrates how Romeo and Juliet’s love surmounts numerous things, in the play. Additionally, Shakespeare portrays that/how the strength of Romeo’s love for his murdered friend Mercutio, creates a desire for revenge despite potentially receiving death penalty; displaying that Romeo’s love for his friend conquers the

Determinants Deploying Commerce Technology â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Determinants Deploying Commerce Technology? Answer: Introduction The continual growth in mobile technology has a significant impact on how businesses communicate, operate and interact with customers. Many organizations have been able to go global courtesy of growth and advancement of mobile technology. The increased use of laptops, smartphones, and tablets connected by wireless networks have changed the trend initially adopted by commerce. The wireless connections have been associated with a lot of benefits a fact which has increased its application and outdone formerly existing trends. Some of the advantages related to mobile technology are the reliability of the systems, security associated with it and the speed of business transactions. The increased use of mobile technology has led to the positive performance of the wireless industry. A study conducted in the United States of America currently revealed that the wireless industry is worth billions more than all other industries. It was found to be the leading industry in the market. The increased use of mobile technology has affected the commerce adversely. The incorporation of the mobile technology in the business has led to the introduction of electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce is a system which facilitates conduction of business transactions within parties at different locations. The products are viewed through mobile devices since they are located online then the process of buying and selling follows. The payment is made online, and goods are delivered to the door by the operating company. Other channels have been developed like the mobile commerce (m-commerce). Increased use of smartphones together with internet access has provided new operational trend to the retail sector. The lives of shoppers have been affected significantly to the extent of becoming easier. In the past decade, shopping involved visiting the retail stores and buying items without much scope for price comparison. Today, the stores accompany us in all our endeavors since they are readily available in our pockets in the smart gadgets. A single touch of the devices provides a display of countless items where one can choose from as they relax in their homes. The mobile also gives the user an opportunity of comparing prices of different items in the available online stores before purchasing. The usage of e-commerce and m-commerce is increasing day by day, and research conducted predicted that by 2050 everybody in the globe will have access to such services. In America, the usage is very high at it is growing at a fast rate in both China and India. The increased usage is facilitated by affordable prices of smartphones and better internet connectivity and accessibility. Mobile apps have also been adopted by much online stored leading to greater use amongst people. The companies are highly investing in advertising their mobile applications in different channels. It is, therefore, a clear indication that e-commerce will witness increased use in future. Various key technologies are impacting the e-commerce industry. Amongst them are the mobile applications, push notifications, location-based services, social sharing and mobile wallets. All of these services have had a significant impact on the commerce. Mobile Applications. Mobile technology is highly characterized by cell phones. The introduction of smartphones has led to the maximum use of mobile apps (Kajanus, Leskin, Kurttila Kangas, 2012). Firms have developed apps and posted them online where one can visit and download. The apps are designed in a way that they contain all the products offered by the respective firm and their prices (Haynes, Nunnington Eccles, 2107). There are also apps which are conceived in a way that users can create their accounts and log in. The credentials are confidential since it contains the payment mechanisms. Through logging in a registered user can view the available products and order. The payment is made via the app then the delivery is made. To familiarize the apps to the public, the advertisement is done through various channels (Yu, 2012). The apps are made easy to use to avoid complications. The mobile app has significantly impacted the operational activities of many organizations wishing to go global. Their services and products are readily available to all potential customers globally. The business transactions have become easy, straightforward and fast. A lot of time and resources are saved since the process reduces paperwork (Allameh et.al, 2012). Push Notifications. These are notifications usually pop up in phones. The announcements are linked to the apps, and they use the Modern Real Estate Company the internet access to create the impulse. The notifications aim at alerting the user when an individual deal is available (Haynes, 2102). Connecting the devices to internet access, we are in a position to get notified whenever transaction concerning our account has been made successful or when new stock is introduced or production of new stock (Yassen, 2012). The notifications are critical to businesses since they keep potential customers in touch with the firm (Brown Green, 2012). The user can view the available products and make orders. The notifications also keep the customer in contact of any requests made. The transaction of business has been made efficient while observing customer convenience and satisfaction. The text and the push notification are very similar since they could attempt to lump them together as well as threat them similar way. They both could arrive on the mobile of the user and it is much possible to fit within tight character limits (Yassen, 2012). The web push notification enables the user in opting in to the timely updates from the sites they love as well as allow one to be able to effectively re-engage them with the customized content which is relevant. The push notification can be a set of the possibility which could help the business to re-engage with the customers. Location-based services. Through the incorporation of mobile technology in commerce, customers can now get products and services irrespective of their location (Sawyer, Crowston Wigand, 2014). The application of mobile technology in business has enabled firms to go global. Through operating internationally, the market is widened as well as increasing the volume of sales. Brands and companies are in apposition of function in the expanded region as opposed before. The process has been made efficient by application by the creation of websites and mobile apps (Abu-Shanab Ghaleb, 2012). Customers can get a wide variety of products whereby one can choose concerning his or her taste. A lot of information concerning the products is readily available (Chang, 2012). The devices also give an opportunity for the user to leave a comment or recommendation. The comments help the company realize on its point of weakness and make the necessary improvements for the better. The system is beneficial to both parties, and as a result, organizations incorporating it are performing well due to providing satisfactory services to the customers. Social sharing Through the mobile technology where the operation is based on online platform, users can share information (Goggin, 2012). Social media provides a lot of interactions amongst users. Almost everybody today has a social media account. The social media connects us to our friends and makes us meet new friends (Park, Nam Cha, 2012). When people meet in the channels, they share valuable information, and the information may concern products and purchases. The online operating stores have not been left behind since they have also availed their services in the social media. Social sharing has been a big aim to the many businesses which are looking to build on their brand, extend their reach and generally to be able to make most of their online marketing aspects. The firms usually create social media account where they share information concerning the products they deal with together with their prices. Customers often visit the pages of the companies, view the products, like and even offer. The services are available everywhere, and one can place an order while still traveling and the products are delivered at their convenience (Kourouthanassis Giaglis, 2012). The customers end up sharing their experience of online shopping with their friends via social media. As a result, new customers are attracted therefore increasing the volume of sales and accrued revenue (San, Lopez Ramon, 2012). Mobile wallets. Mobile banking has been a point of concern in m-commerce for long. The usage of mobile wallets has been facilitated by increased use of mobile technology (Chong, Chan Ooi, 2012). The issue of commerce has therefore changed adversely since one can view products online, place an order and make payments. The online payment has increased the speed of online business transactions. Initially, clients had to waste a lot of time feeding their credit cards to make payments. Today, with possession of a smartphone, one needs to register, transfer his money from a bank account and pay for transactions while incurring affordable charges (Li, Dong Chen, 2012). The online paying procedure is very secure and safe. It has played a critical role towards the success of e-commerce. There is enough evidence showing that electronic commerce will exist in future and eliminate physical stores. The process will keep on changing by adopting emerging trends for the benefit of the firms and customers. In the mobile wallet as well as the payment space currently, there are a major players and the companies such as Apple to Visa are putting investment in their offering, they are making partnerships and unique features which sets with goals especially in the emerging pack (Li, Dong Chen, 2012). There would be emerging of the technology which where there would be proliferation as more of the brand would be introduced to the mobile payment options to the market. Conclusion Technology development has played a critical role in the commerce. The mobile technology has led to introduction e-commerce. E-commerce is a platform which enables organizations to make their transactions online. The services and products are provided, and customers can visit their sites and place their orders. The adoption of modern technology in business has made the process possible. As a result, physical stores are closing day by day, and shortly they will be extinct. Mobile technology has brought the most dominant trend in business. A lot of benefits are enjoyed by both parties. E-commerce has enabled many firms to go global thus leading to an increased volume of sales. The accrued revenue also increase therefore placing the company in a better position of achieving its objectives at a fast rate. It is therefore mandatory that firms adopt the emerging technological trends to ensure that they perform well and compete effectivel References Abu-Shanab, E., Ghaleb, O. (2012). Adoption of mobile commerce technology: an involvement of trust and risk concerns.International Journal of Technology Diffusion (IJTD),3(2), 36-49. Allameh, E., Heidari Jozam, M., de Vries, B., Timmermans, H., Beetz, J., Mozaffar, F. (2012). The role of Smart Home in smart real estate.Journal of European Real Estate Research,5(2), 156-170. Brown, B., Green, N. (Eds.). (2012).Wireless world: Social and interactional aspects of the mobile age. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, C. C., Yan, C. F., Tseng, J. S. (2012). Perceived convenience in an extended technology acceptance model: Mobile technology and English learning for college students.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(5). Chong, A. Y. L., Chan, F. T., Ooi, K. B. (2012). Predicting consumer decisions to adopt mobile commerce: Cross country empirical examination between China and Malaysia.Decision Support Systems,53(1), 34-43. Goggin, G. (2012).Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Routledge. Haynes, B. P. (2012). Corporate real estate asset management: aligned vision.Journal of Corporate Real Estate,14(4), 244-254. Haynes, B., Nunnington, N., Eccles, T. (2017).Corporate real estate asset management: Strategy and Implementation. Taylor Francis. Kajanus, M., Leskinen, P., Kurttila, M., Kangas, J. (2012). Making use of MCDS methods in SWOT analysisLessons learnt in strategic natural resources management.Forest Policy and Economics,20, 1-9. Kourouthanassis, P. E., Giaglis, G. M. (2012). Introduction to the special issue mobile commerce: the past, present, and future of mobile commerce research.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,16(4), 5-18. Li, M., Dong, Z. Y., Chen, X. (2012). Factors influencing consumption experience of mobile commerce: A study from experiential view.Internet Research,22(2), 120-141. Park, S. Y., Nam, M. W., Cha, S. B. (2012). University students' behavioral intention to use mobile learning: Evaluating the technology acceptance model.British Journal of Educational Technology,43(4), 592-605. San Martn, S., Lpez-Cataln, B., Ramn-Jernimo, M. A. (2012). Factors determining firms' perceived performance of mobile commerce.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(6), 946-963. Sawyer, S., Crowston, K., Wigand, R. T. (2014). Digital assemblages: evidence and theorising from the computerisation of the US residential real estate industry.New Technology, Work and Employment,29(1), 40-56. Yaseen, S. G. (2012). Exploring critical determinants in deploying mobile commerce technology.International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM), 35-46. Yu, C. S. (2012). Factors affecting individuals to adopt mobile banking: Empirical evidence from the UTAUT model.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,13(2), 104.

Turner Syndrome Essays - Cytogenetics, Syndromes,

Turner Syndrome There are many possible reasons why a child may grow slowly, including: hereditary factors (short parents), diseases affecting the kidneys; heart, lungs or intestines; hormone imbalances; severe stress or emotional deprivation; infections in the womb before birth; bone diseases; and genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. The Turner Syndrome (known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome in Germany) is a congenital disease. A German doctor named Ullrich published his article in 1930. American doctor Henry Turner recognized a pattern of short stature and incomplete sexual maturation in otherwise normal females. He published a comprehensive medical description of the syndrome. It was not until 1959, that it became clear the syndrome was due to lack of sex chromosome material. Turner's Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects one in approximately 2,500 females. Females normally have two X-chromosomes. However, in those with Turner's Syndrome, one X chromosome is absent or is damaged. OTHER NAMES Depending on the doctor, Turner's Syndrome may be diagnosed with one of the following alternative names: 45 - X Syndrome, Bonnevie-Ulrich Syndrome, Chromosome X, Monosomy X, Morgagni- Turner-Albright Syndrome, Ovarian Dwarfism, Turner Type, among others. SYNDROME CHARACTERISTICS A reduced growth in height is the commonest visible characteristic of the syndrome, (the average adult height is 4 feet 8 inches) and may be the only sign before puberty. Their body proportions are normal. Girls with this syndrome may have many middle ear infections during childhood; if not treated, these chronic infections could cause hearing loss. Up to the age of about 2 years, growth in height is approximately normal, but then it lags behind that of other girls. Greatly reduced growth in height of a female child should lead to a chromosome test if no diagnosis has already been made. Early diagnosis is very importance in order to be able to give enough correct information to the parents, and gradually to the child herself, so that she has the best possibilities for development. Early diagnosis is also important in case surgical treatment of the congenital heart defect (seen in about 20 per cent of cases) is indicated. The commonest defect is a narrowing of the main artery from the heart aortic coarctation. A regular ultrasound examination of the heart is recommended in all girls with Turner syndrome. This type of heart defect is present at birth and can be corrected surgically. If not present at birth, it does not develop later in life. The lack of sexual development at puberty is the second most common characteristic. Having abnormal chromosomes does not mean that girls with Turner syndrome are not really female; they are women with a condition that causes short stature and poorly developed ovaries. Affected females may also exhibit the following symptoms: infertility, kidney abnormalities, thyroid disease, heart disease, abnormalities of the eyes and bones, webbed neck, low hairline, drooping of eyelids, abnormal bone development, absent or retarded development of physical features that normally appear at puberty, decrease of tears when crying, simian crease (a single crease in the palm), a "caved-in" appearance to the chest, puffy hands and feet, unusual shape and rotation of ears, soft upturned nails, small lower jaw, arms turned out slightly at elbows, shortened 4th fingers, small brown moles, hearing loss, scoliosis, cataracts , scars, overweight, Chrohn disease. Chromosome Patterns The normal female has 46 chromosomes, of which the two sex chromosomes are X-chromosomes. This is expressed as 46,XX (men: 46,XY). In many women with Turner syndrome, one of the X-chromosomes lacks completely, and the chromosome pattern then becomes 45,X. The X-chromosome in women is the carrier of genes related to production of ovaries and female sex hormones, and to growth in height. Girls with Turner syndrome are generally born with ovaries and egg cells, but the lack of X-chromosome material results in gradual disappearance of the egg cells. At some point in childhood, usually during the first years of life, no egg cells remain. Ovaries are then present without egg cells. The female sex hormone (oestrogen), necessary for the girl to start puberty, is usually produced by the egg cells. In girls with Turner syndrome, insufficient oestrogen is produced for the girl to start puberty. Neither spontaneous development of puberty nor the accompanying growth spurts are