Sociology Essay “How Far Would Sociologists Agree That...

â€Å"How far would sociologists agree that the media causes eating disorders in women? In this essay I will discuss how far sociologists would agree that the media causes eating disorders in women. Eating disorders refer to a group of conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake to the damage of an individuals physical and emotional health. Eating disorders include: bulimia, anorexia and obesity. First Marxists would argue all young females in the west are exposed to the media and the stereotypical view of women is that they are â€Å"slim and beautiful†. This means that young females are influenced into trying to be the â€Å"perfect† image of a beautiful woman and in order to†¦show more content†¦Examples of these women are Cheryl Obama, Oprah Winfrey and Rushanara Ali who have become successful due to their own handwork and merit and not due to their size. Also women who are a plus size are now seen as healthy and beautiful, like Oprah thus promote physical health and can impa ct female in a positive way as they are not always subjected to images of stick thin women. Lastly functionalists may argue that eating disorders are caused due to the psychological effect of relations between mothers and daughters. This means that if a female didn’t have a healthy and loving relationship with her mother then it could trigger an eating disorder in her. An example of this is Adrianna from 90210 who didn’t have a healthy relationship with her mother and it could be said that this affected her psychologically which made her a victim of anorexia. This shows that the media is not responsible for eating disorders and doesn’t cause it but the family which is the only form of primary socialization does have a crucial part in females developing eating disorders. To conclude, I believe that the media does play a role in the cause of eating disorders in women however other factors such as peers and the family have an impact on the issue too and can help ca use it. Yet the media, a form of secondary socialization, didn’t portray women as being skinny females may not feel threatened by it and wouldn’t want to become the females portrayed by theShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesOrganizational Theory takes you on a joyful ride through the developments of one of the great enigmas of our time – How should we understand the organization? Jan Ole Similà ¤, Assistant Professor, Nord-Trà ¸ndelag University College, Norway I really enjoyed this new text and I am sure my students will enjoy it, too. It combines rigorous theoretical argument with application and consideration of how managment practice is formed and shaped by ideas and concepts. 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Romeo and Juliet Themes Love - 889 Words

The story of Romeo and Juliet, a Shakespearean tragic drama, is a huge part of our culture today. The story of two star-crossed lovers, separated by an age-old family feud, which is eventually ended by the death of both Romeo and Juliet, is deeply embedded in our cultural psyche. It is an allegory, a story of true love and sacrifice, that continues to resonate throughout modern time. There is a great deal of social stigma attached to the story. People are very critical of Romeo and Juliet’s decisions. Also, people are inspired, interested, and influenced by the melodramatic romance story. Every person knows the story, and we all can compare our lives to theirs. The lives of the 15th century characters are understandable because the†¦show more content†¦At the beginning of the play, Romeo has â€Å"A feeling of strong or constant affection for a person,† this person being Rosaline. That small subset of love also includes the love that the Capulets and Montagues feel for their children. All the other types of love, â€Å"Attraction that includes sexual desire : the strong affection felt by people who have a romantic relationship : a person you love in a romantic way,† are included in Romeo and Juliet’s short-lived relationship. In contrast, many people would argue that Romeo and Juliet were not legitimately in love or that they were too young to experience real love. However, under most definitions of the word, Romeo and Juliet were in love, no matter their youth or circumstances. At the time that Shakespeare was writing the play, the church had recently legalized divorce; therefore, the populace had already been contemplating love and what true love is. Imaginably, people were thinking about divorces whether it be for them, their kin, or just the political aspect of divorce. Shakespeare wanted people to think about love while watching his plays. He hoped that people would learn that there are many kinds of l ove and to cherish the love that they have. Love is possibly one of the biggest -and perhaps most overrated- things in today’s society. Love is broadcast in the media as the most important thing someone could ever want or need. Magazines and websites are filled with dating quizzes andShow MoreRelatedTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet836 Words   |  4 PagesRomeo and Juliet is a famous story, known for being one of the greatest love stories of all time. It is quoted for its genius insight on just how this strange emotion works. Both Romeo and Juliet kill themselves for their love, and it only supports how strong love is, right? I disagree. My opinion is that Romeo and Juliet is not a great love story or even a love story at all. I instead believe that it is a cautionary tale about the fact the love can corrupt people. This theme is mainly shown throughRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet913 Words   |  4 Pagestimeless relevance. 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Juliet verbalizes to Romeo that, â€Å"this bud of love, by summer’s ripening breath/ May prove a beauteous flower when next we meet.† (2.3.121-122) The flower bud describes the beginning of their love while the blooming flower representsRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet1463 Words   |  6 Pagesdesires, such as feelings of love, lust, and passion. Shakespeares tragedy of youth, Romeo Juliet, sheds light on the issue that jejune love without congenial supervision, results in consequences of great devastation. This is observed by the true, genuine cases of love observed in the play, what Romeo and Juliet think of their love, and how their acts of trying to balance and change what is not possible results in their deaths and truly reveals why they are not a true lo ve. For frame of referenceRead MoreTheme Of Love In Romeo And Juliet860 Words   |  4 PagesWith uncontrollable lust and desire, the effects can be devastating. 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Determinants Deploying Commerce Technology â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Determinants Deploying Commerce Technology? Answer: Introduction The continual growth in mobile technology has a significant impact on how businesses communicate, operate and interact with customers. Many organizations have been able to go global courtesy of growth and advancement of mobile technology. The increased use of laptops, smartphones, and tablets connected by wireless networks have changed the trend initially adopted by commerce. The wireless connections have been associated with a lot of benefits a fact which has increased its application and outdone formerly existing trends. Some of the advantages related to mobile technology are the reliability of the systems, security associated with it and the speed of business transactions. The increased use of mobile technology has led to the positive performance of the wireless industry. A study conducted in the United States of America currently revealed that the wireless industry is worth billions more than all other industries. It was found to be the leading industry in the market. The increased use of mobile technology has affected the commerce adversely. The incorporation of the mobile technology in the business has led to the introduction of electronic commerce (e-commerce). E-commerce is a system which facilitates conduction of business transactions within parties at different locations. The products are viewed through mobile devices since they are located online then the process of buying and selling follows. The payment is made online, and goods are delivered to the door by the operating company. Other channels have been developed like the mobile commerce (m-commerce). Increased use of smartphones together with internet access has provided new operational trend to the retail sector. The lives of shoppers have been affected significantly to the extent of becoming easier. In the past decade, shopping involved visiting the retail stores and buying items without much scope for price comparison. Today, the stores accompany us in all our endeavors since they are readily available in our pockets in the smart gadgets. A single touch of the devices provides a display of countless items where one can choose from as they relax in their homes. The mobile also gives the user an opportunity of comparing prices of different items in the available online stores before purchasing. The usage of e-commerce and m-commerce is increasing day by day, and research conducted predicted that by 2050 everybody in the globe will have access to such services. In America, the usage is very high at it is growing at a fast rate in both China and India. The increased usage is facilitated by affordable prices of smartphones and better internet connectivity and accessibility. Mobile apps have also been adopted by much online stored leading to greater use amongst people. The companies are highly investing in advertising their mobile applications in different channels. It is, therefore, a clear indication that e-commerce will witness increased use in future. Various key technologies are impacting the e-commerce industry. Amongst them are the mobile applications, push notifications, location-based services, social sharing and mobile wallets. All of these services have had a significant impact on the commerce. Mobile Applications. Mobile technology is highly characterized by cell phones. The introduction of smartphones has led to the maximum use of mobile apps (Kajanus, Leskin, Kurttila Kangas, 2012). Firms have developed apps and posted them online where one can visit and download. The apps are designed in a way that they contain all the products offered by the respective firm and their prices (Haynes, Nunnington Eccles, 2107). There are also apps which are conceived in a way that users can create their accounts and log in. The credentials are confidential since it contains the payment mechanisms. Through logging in a registered user can view the available products and order. The payment is made via the app then the delivery is made. To familiarize the apps to the public, the advertisement is done through various channels (Yu, 2012). The apps are made easy to use to avoid complications. The mobile app has significantly impacted the operational activities of many organizations wishing to go global. Their services and products are readily available to all potential customers globally. The business transactions have become easy, straightforward and fast. A lot of time and resources are saved since the process reduces paperwork (Allameh et.al, 2012). Push Notifications. These are notifications usually pop up in phones. The announcements are linked to the apps, and they use the Modern Real Estate Company the internet access to create the impulse. The notifications aim at alerting the user when an individual deal is available (Haynes, 2102). Connecting the devices to internet access, we are in a position to get notified whenever transaction concerning our account has been made successful or when new stock is introduced or production of new stock (Yassen, 2012). The notifications are critical to businesses since they keep potential customers in touch with the firm (Brown Green, 2012). The user can view the available products and make orders. The notifications also keep the customer in contact of any requests made. The transaction of business has been made efficient while observing customer convenience and satisfaction. The text and the push notification are very similar since they could attempt to lump them together as well as threat them similar way. They both could arrive on the mobile of the user and it is much possible to fit within tight character limits (Yassen, 2012). The web push notification enables the user in opting in to the timely updates from the sites they love as well as allow one to be able to effectively re-engage them with the customized content which is relevant. The push notification can be a set of the possibility which could help the business to re-engage with the customers. Location-based services. Through the incorporation of mobile technology in commerce, customers can now get products and services irrespective of their location (Sawyer, Crowston Wigand, 2014). The application of mobile technology in business has enabled firms to go global. Through operating internationally, the market is widened as well as increasing the volume of sales. Brands and companies are in apposition of function in the expanded region as opposed before. The process has been made efficient by application by the creation of websites and mobile apps (Abu-Shanab Ghaleb, 2012). Customers can get a wide variety of products whereby one can choose concerning his or her taste. A lot of information concerning the products is readily available (Chang, 2012). The devices also give an opportunity for the user to leave a comment or recommendation. The comments help the company realize on its point of weakness and make the necessary improvements for the better. The system is beneficial to both parties, and as a result, organizations incorporating it are performing well due to providing satisfactory services to the customers. Social sharing Through the mobile technology where the operation is based on online platform, users can share information (Goggin, 2012). Social media provides a lot of interactions amongst users. Almost everybody today has a social media account. The social media connects us to our friends and makes us meet new friends (Park, Nam Cha, 2012). When people meet in the channels, they share valuable information, and the information may concern products and purchases. The online operating stores have not been left behind since they have also availed their services in the social media. Social sharing has been a big aim to the many businesses which are looking to build on their brand, extend their reach and generally to be able to make most of their online marketing aspects. The firms usually create social media account where they share information concerning the products they deal with together with their prices. Customers often visit the pages of the companies, view the products, like and even offer. The services are available everywhere, and one can place an order while still traveling and the products are delivered at their convenience (Kourouthanassis Giaglis, 2012). The customers end up sharing their experience of online shopping with their friends via social media. As a result, new customers are attracted therefore increasing the volume of sales and accrued revenue (San, Lopez Ramon, 2012). Mobile wallets. Mobile banking has been a point of concern in m-commerce for long. The usage of mobile wallets has been facilitated by increased use of mobile technology (Chong, Chan Ooi, 2012). The issue of commerce has therefore changed adversely since one can view products online, place an order and make payments. The online payment has increased the speed of online business transactions. Initially, clients had to waste a lot of time feeding their credit cards to make payments. Today, with possession of a smartphone, one needs to register, transfer his money from a bank account and pay for transactions while incurring affordable charges (Li, Dong Chen, 2012). The online paying procedure is very secure and safe. It has played a critical role towards the success of e-commerce. There is enough evidence showing that electronic commerce will exist in future and eliminate physical stores. The process will keep on changing by adopting emerging trends for the benefit of the firms and customers. In the mobile wallet as well as the payment space currently, there are a major players and the companies such as Apple to Visa are putting investment in their offering, they are making partnerships and unique features which sets with goals especially in the emerging pack (Li, Dong Chen, 2012). There would be emerging of the technology which where there would be proliferation as more of the brand would be introduced to the mobile payment options to the market. Conclusion Technology development has played a critical role in the commerce. The mobile technology has led to introduction e-commerce. E-commerce is a platform which enables organizations to make their transactions online. The services and products are provided, and customers can visit their sites and place their orders. The adoption of modern technology in business has made the process possible. As a result, physical stores are closing day by day, and shortly they will be extinct. Mobile technology has brought the most dominant trend in business. A lot of benefits are enjoyed by both parties. E-commerce has enabled many firms to go global thus leading to an increased volume of sales. The accrued revenue also increase therefore placing the company in a better position of achieving its objectives at a fast rate. It is therefore mandatory that firms adopt the emerging technological trends to ensure that they perform well and compete effectivel References Abu-Shanab, E., Ghaleb, O. (2012). Adoption of mobile commerce technology: an involvement of trust and risk concerns.International Journal of Technology Diffusion (IJTD),3(2), 36-49. Allameh, E., Heidari Jozam, M., de Vries, B., Timmermans, H., Beetz, J., Mozaffar, F. (2012). The role of Smart Home in smart real estate.Journal of European Real Estate Research,5(2), 156-170. Brown, B., Green, N. (Eds.). (2012).Wireless world: Social and interactional aspects of the mobile age. Springer Science Business Media. Chang, C. C., Yan, C. F., Tseng, J. S. (2012). Perceived convenience in an extended technology acceptance model: Mobile technology and English learning for college students.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology,28(5). Chong, A. Y. L., Chan, F. T., Ooi, K. B. (2012). Predicting consumer decisions to adopt mobile commerce: Cross country empirical examination between China and Malaysia.Decision Support Systems,53(1), 34-43. Goggin, G. (2012).Cell phone culture: Mobile technology in everyday life. Routledge. Haynes, B. P. (2012). Corporate real estate asset management: aligned vision.Journal of Corporate Real Estate,14(4), 244-254. Haynes, B., Nunnington, N., Eccles, T. (2017).Corporate real estate asset management: Strategy and Implementation. Taylor Francis. Kajanus, M., Leskinen, P., Kurttila, M., Kangas, J. (2012). Making use of MCDS methods in SWOT analysisLessons learnt in strategic natural resources management.Forest Policy and Economics,20, 1-9. Kourouthanassis, P. E., Giaglis, G. M. (2012). Introduction to the special issue mobile commerce: the past, present, and future of mobile commerce research.International Journal of Electronic Commerce,16(4), 5-18. Li, M., Dong, Z. Y., Chen, X. (2012). Factors influencing consumption experience of mobile commerce: A study from experiential view.Internet Research,22(2), 120-141. Park, S. Y., Nam, M. W., Cha, S. B. (2012). University students' behavioral intention to use mobile learning: Evaluating the technology acceptance model.British Journal of Educational Technology,43(4), 592-605. San Martn, S., Lpez-Cataln, B., Ramn-Jernimo, M. A. (2012). Factors determining firms' perceived performance of mobile commerce.Industrial Management Data Systems,112(6), 946-963. Sawyer, S., Crowston, K., Wigand, R. T. (2014). Digital assemblages: evidence and theorising from the computerisation of the US residential real estate industry.New Technology, Work and Employment,29(1), 40-56. Yaseen, S. G. (2012). Exploring critical determinants in deploying mobile commerce technology.International Journal of Information Science and Management (IJISM), 35-46. Yu, C. S. (2012). Factors affecting individuals to adopt mobile banking: Empirical evidence from the UTAUT model.Journal of Electronic Commerce Research,13(2), 104.

Turner Syndrome Essays - Cytogenetics, Syndromes,

Turner Syndrome There are many possible reasons why a child may grow slowly, including: hereditary factors (short parents), diseases affecting the kidneys; heart, lungs or intestines; hormone imbalances; severe stress or emotional deprivation; infections in the womb before birth; bone diseases; and genetic or chromosomal abnormalities. The Turner Syndrome (known as Ullrich-Turner Syndrome in Germany) is a congenital disease. A German doctor named Ullrich published his article in 1930. American doctor Henry Turner recognized a pattern of short stature and incomplete sexual maturation in otherwise normal females. He published a comprehensive medical description of the syndrome. It was not until 1959, that it became clear the syndrome was due to lack of sex chromosome material. Turner's Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disorder that affects one in approximately 2,500 females. Females normally have two X-chromosomes. However, in those with Turner's Syndrome, one X chromosome is absent or is damaged. OTHER NAMES Depending on the doctor, Turner's Syndrome may be diagnosed with one of the following alternative names: 45 - X Syndrome, Bonnevie-Ulrich Syndrome, Chromosome X, Monosomy X, Morgagni- Turner-Albright Syndrome, Ovarian Dwarfism, Turner Type, among others. SYNDROME CHARACTERISTICS A reduced growth in height is the commonest visible characteristic of the syndrome, (the average adult height is 4 feet 8 inches) and may be the only sign before puberty. Their body proportions are normal. Girls with this syndrome may have many middle ear infections during childhood; if not treated, these chronic infections could cause hearing loss. Up to the age of about 2 years, growth in height is approximately normal, but then it lags behind that of other girls. Greatly reduced growth in height of a female child should lead to a chromosome test if no diagnosis has already been made. Early diagnosis is very importance in order to be able to give enough correct information to the parents, and gradually to the child herself, so that she has the best possibilities for development. Early diagnosis is also important in case surgical treatment of the congenital heart defect (seen in about 20 per cent of cases) is indicated. The commonest defect is a narrowing of the main artery from the heart aortic coarctation. A regular ultrasound examination of the heart is recommended in all girls with Turner syndrome. This type of heart defect is present at birth and can be corrected surgically. If not present at birth, it does not develop later in life. The lack of sexual development at puberty is the second most common characteristic. Having abnormal chromosomes does not mean that girls with Turner syndrome are not really female; they are women with a condition that causes short stature and poorly developed ovaries. Affected females may also exhibit the following symptoms: infertility, kidney abnormalities, thyroid disease, heart disease, abnormalities of the eyes and bones, webbed neck, low hairline, drooping of eyelids, abnormal bone development, absent or retarded development of physical features that normally appear at puberty, decrease of tears when crying, simian crease (a single crease in the palm), a "caved-in" appearance to the chest, puffy hands and feet, unusual shape and rotation of ears, soft upturned nails, small lower jaw, arms turned out slightly at elbows, shortened 4th fingers, small brown moles, hearing loss, scoliosis, cataracts , scars, overweight, Chrohn disease. Chromosome Patterns The normal female has 46 chromosomes, of which the two sex chromosomes are X-chromosomes. This is expressed as 46,XX (men: 46,XY). In many women with Turner syndrome, one of the X-chromosomes lacks completely, and the chromosome pattern then becomes 45,X. The X-chromosome in women is the carrier of genes related to production of ovaries and female sex hormones, and to growth in height. Girls with Turner syndrome are generally born with ovaries and egg cells, but the lack of X-chromosome material results in gradual disappearance of the egg cells. At some point in childhood, usually during the first years of life, no egg cells remain. Ovaries are then present without egg cells. The female sex hormone (oestrogen), necessary for the girl to start puberty, is usually produced by the egg cells. In girls with Turner syndrome, insufficient oestrogen is produced for the girl to start puberty. Neither spontaneous development of puberty nor the accompanying growth spurts are

Disparity Example

Disparity Example Disparity – Coursework Example Disparity The current budget of North Carolina, which stands at $19.7 billion, has largely cut on education spending. Schools in North Carolina are funded differently depending on their locality. Schools in low income areas are supposed to get more funds than schools in higher income areas; this is because the former are likely to have poorer learning facilities and more educational needs than the latter (North Carolina General Assembly, 2010). However, in most cases, the schools that are supposed to get more funding are the ones that get less. There is also considerable disparity in the way property tax is collected. According to the state’s General Assembly reports, counties and other areas within the state which record high income are likely to provide higher property tax to their county governments than low income areas. The Title VI of the Civil Rights Act is very clear in its statement that there should be equity in the way state funds are used and distributed (North Car olina General Assembly, 2010). The variations that exist in large urban school districts should be done away with since they are a sign that there are patterns of race and class stratification in the disbursement of education funds. All schools are entitled to equal funding and if there is to be any additional funding for any reason, it should be fully accounted for. On the issue of property tax, urban settings normally attract more tax than other areas. However, the taxation policy should be regulated sp that no property owner is taxed using disproportionate rates. In North Carolina, high income areas such as Wake and Mecklenburg Counties attract quite a large property tax percentage when compared to other counties. When taxation for property is regulation, the amount of property tax that residents of these affluent areas will definitely come down to amore reasonable level. ReferenceNorth Carolina General Assembly. (2010). North Carolina’s fiscal year 2011-12 budget gap. Ral eigh: Fiscal Research Division.

The Ethanol Subsidy and How Biofuel Tax Incentives Work

The Ethanol Subsidy and How Biofuel Tax Incentives Work The primary ethanol subsidy offered by the federal government is a tax incentive called the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit, which was passed by Congress and signed into law by President George W. Bush in 2004. It took effect in 2005. The ethanol subsidy, which is commonly referred to as the blenders credit, offers ethanol blenders registered with the Internal Revenue Service a tax credit of 45 cents for every gallon of pure ethanol they blend with gasoline. That particular ethanol subsidy cost taxpayers $5.7 billion in foregone revenues in 2011, according to the U.S. Government Accountability Office, the nonpartisan congressional watchdog agency. Debate Over the Ethanol Subsidy Supporters of the federal ethanol subsidy argue that it encourages production and use of the biofuel and thereby reduces the amount of foreign oil needed to produce gasoline, a step toward energy independence. But critics argue that ethanol burns far less efficiently than gasoline, driving up fuel consumption and that it increases demand for corn for fuel and artificially boosts the cost of farm commodities and retail prices of food. They also say such an incentive is unnecessary because legislation enacted in 2007 requires oil companies to produce 36 billion gallons of biofuels such as ethanol by 2022. While born of good intentions, federal subsidies for ethanol have failed to achieve their intended goals of energy independence, U.S. Sen. Tom Coburn, a Republican from Oklahoma and leading critic of the ethanol subsidy, said in 2011. The effort to Kill the Ethanol Subsidy Coburn led an effort to repeal the ethanol subsidy in June of 2011, saying it was a waste of taxpayer money - he said the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit cost $30.5 billion from 2005 through 2011 - because consumption remained only a small part of the countrys fuel use. His effort to repeal the ethanol subsidy failed in the Senate by a vote of 59 to 40. While Im disappointed my amendment did not pass, taxpayers should remember that when I offered an amendment to defund the Bridge to Nowhere in Alaska in 2005 we lost that vote 82 to 15, Coburn said in a statement. Over time, however, the will of the people prevailed and Congress was forced to scale back this wasteful and corrupting practice. Today, the earmark favor factory is mostly closed. Only the tax division remains open. Im confident this debate, and many more ahead, will expose the tax code for what it is - an abomination that favors the well-connected over working families and small businesses. History of the Ethanol Subsidy The Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit ethanol subsidy became law on Oct. 22, 2004, when President George W. Bush signed the American Jobs Creation Act into law. Included in that piece of legislation was the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit. The initial bill gave ethanol blenders a tax credit of 51 cents for every gallon of ethanol they mixed with gasoline. Congress reduced the tax incentive by 6 cents per gallon as part of the 2008 Farm Bill. According to the Renewable Fuels Association, gasoline refiners and marketers are required to pay the full rate of tax, which is 18.4 cents per gallon on the total gasoline-ethanol mixture but can claim the 45 cents per gallon tax credit or refund for each gallon of ethanol used in the mixture. The ethanol subsidy benefits multibillion-dollar integrated oil companies such as BP, Exxon, and Chevron. The First Ethanol Subsidy The Energy Policy Act of 1978 was the first federal legislative ethanol subsidy. It allowed for a 40-cent tax exemption per gallon of ethanol, according to Purdue University.The Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1982 increased the tax exemption to 50 cents per gallon of ethanol.The 1990 Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act extended the ethanol subsidy to 2000 but decreased the amount to 54 cents a gallon.The 1998 Transportation Efficiency Act of the 21st Century extended the ethanol subsidy through 2007 but reduced it to 51 cents per gallon by 2005.Bushs signature on the Jobs Creation Act changed the way the modern ethanol subsidy worked. Instead, it offered a straight tax credit to producers, the legislation allowed for the blenders credit. President Trump Protects the Ethanol Subsidy During his 2016 campaign, President Donald Trump came out as one of the ethanol subsidy’s strongest supporters. Speaking in Iowa, where corn is king, on January 21, 2016, he said, â€Å"The EPA should ensure that biofuel . . . blend levels match the statutory level set by Congress,† adding that he was â€Å"was â€Å"there with you [farmers] 100 percent† on continuing federal subsidy for ethanol. â€Å"You’re going to get a really fair shake from me.† After Trump took office in January 2017, all seemed well with the ethanol subsidy until early October, when his own EPA administrator Scott Pruitt announced that the agency was considering lowering the EPA-mandated subsidy payment level for ethanol â€Å"slightly† in 2018. The suggestion sent shockwaves through the Corn Belt and its Republican congressional protectors. Iowa Sen. Chuck Grassley accused Trump of a â€Å"bait and switch,† in reference to his empathic campaign promise. Grassley and Iowa’s other Republican senator, Joni Ernst, threatened to block all of Trump’s future EPA appointments. The governors of most Corn Belt states joined in sending Trump warning him than any cutback in the Renewable Fuel Standard program’s subsidies would be â€Å"highly disruptive, unprecedented and potentially catastrophic.† Faced with the potential loss of influence over some of his strongest congressional backers, Trump quickly told Pruitt to back off any future talk of cutting the ethanol subsidy. On July 5, 2018, Pruitt resigned amid multiple accusations of ethics violations involving his excessive and unauthorized personal use of government funds. He was replace within hours by EPA deputy director Andrew Wheeler, a former lobbyist for the coal industry.

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Essay

The Corporate Culture of Google and the Core Principles That Drive Them - Essay Example From its few employees, Google has now leapt to a gargantuan organization of 20,000 plus employees (Google). The company however strove to avoid the culture of being big and always actively maintain that â€Å"small feel company†. Google as a company always strove to ward-off conservatism that can be seen as companies mature. â€Å"We are actively trying to prevent middle-agedom,† explains Eric Schmidt, Google’s current chief executive (The Economist). And this youthfulness which had brought in innovative products such as Google Maps is best reflected in its corporate culture to reinforce the mindset that made it what it is today. Google’s distinct, perhaps unorthodox culture can be readily observed in its headquarters in Mountain View, California which Google calls its campus as Googleplex-a combination of the words â€Å"Google† and â€Å"complex† (Google). It actively creates an environment of interaction among its employees where it offer s its employees to eat free in its coffee stations to have conversations. It also creates diversity just like its products and services with its game rooms that has pool tables, video games and ping-pong, and yes, it even has a baby piano. It also promotes a culture of openness with very few solo offices where Googlers shares cubes, yurts and huddle rooms (Google). Dogs, massage chairs and large inflatable balls are also okay. The list on how distinct its offices maintain a youthful ambience can go on and on. Google’s youthfulness and innovative culture is not only limited on how its offices are set up. What appears to be play is in fact a continuous search for perfection beginning in its hiring process where it favors ability more than experience. Moreso when hired, because Googlers, a Google employee is often called, is not strapped with a single repetitive function but wears several hats. This actually grows with how things are set up with Google offices and those free caf es have their purpose. It provides an avenue for cultivating ideas that may become the next big innovative product. This is further reinforced with the openness of its leadership which it also actively promotes a cultivating environment. In a Google environment, â€Å"no one, no one hesitates to pose questions directly to Larry or Sergey in our weekly all-hands (â€Å"TGIF†) meetings – or spike a volleyball across the net at a corporate officer â€Å" (Google). Perhaps to better understand its seemingly age proof and unorthodox corporate culture, it would be insightful to examine closely its core values that drives its action and the company’s culture. Google’s core principles that drives it corporate culture can be summed up as follows (Google); 1. Focus on the user and all else will follow – before doing anything, Googlers think about the end users welfare first. 2. It’s best to do one thing really, really well – even as it embark s on other products such as Gmail and Google Maps, Google knows what it does best – to search. And knows how to do it well and better. 3. Fast is better than slow – perhaps the best representational product of this core value is its internet browser Chrome. Chrome beat all its competitors for its speed and is the preferred internet browser of almost everyone due to its speed. This core value is always considered every time a new product is being developed. 4.

History paper 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History paper 1 - Essay Example Of course, the journey was possible because the proclamation line of 1763 was a law that proved difficult to enforce when most colonialists questioned why their movements would be impeded. The spirit of revolution came with the expansion to the west which offered some of the most productive lands (Tocqueville 31). My father wanted a rich and bigger farmland given that we were family of seven children. He also wanted to change the way he made a living. Journeying westwards was the answer to his prayers since he wanted to settle us comfortably in a new and cheaper land. In addition, my rich uncle, Benjamin Woodruff, had migrated to the West before, making it easier for my father to learn of his journey and success. My uncle was one of the firm believers that building colonization schemes were helpful so that the poor people who migrated to the West would provide cheap labor. As a young 12-year-old boy, my father and three brothers left me in charge of the wagon for a short while they scouted the emigrant road to check if it was safe from thieves and hostile Indian tribes. My sisters and I piled everything that we owned in the Canvas wagon and the hand carts and waited for my father and brothers to return. We used a route that stretched across the river and the short-grass prairies. Life along the trail was not as pleasant as I expected. My father had told my mother the previous day that we would have to walk at least 25 miles a day in daylight to avoid attacks from grizzly bears and other wild animals on the trail. My father and brothers all had guns. Among all the other families on the caravan, we had more guns which made or journey safer. Several months on the trail were shocking enough show me that this was not a journey for the faint hearted. Back at home, my friends had told me through letters that malaria and cholera were some of the diseases that killed people on their journey. I had always thought it was a

A Case Against Slavery & Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay Example for Free

A Case Against Slavery Uncle Tom’s Cabin Essay HB Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a powerfully evocative condemnation of slavery, and was famous in its own time. While many held that Stowe herself knew nothing about slavery or southern life, having never seen southern plantation life, it had its intended effect regardless: to stir up anti-slavery sentiment in the north, and to a lesser extent, in the South. Chapter VII is called â€Å"A Mother’s Struggle,† and it brings together many of the themes that dominate this book. First, the centrality of motherhood and the invincible power of a mother that is soon to be separated from her only son leads the action of this work. Second, the dominance of the Protestant Christian faith, a faith that serves to both assist slaves in tolerating their condition as well as providing them the strength to escape is the engine of the action. Since God is on the side of those who oppose slavery, ultimately, their struggle will emerge victorious and hence, the strength to persevere is present. Hence, this chapter is a central part of the work as it synthesizes the main themes of the book in rather stark terms, since this chapter is really the first â€Å"action† chapter of the book, that is, it is the beginnings of Eliza’s escape from her bondage and traces her moves northward to the Ohio river. The first real issue that drives Eliza to escape is the fact that she and her son are possibly to be sold. The Shelby family that owns them seeks to sell several slaves to pay off debts, and Eliza, who is not poorly treated by her mistress, Mrs. See more:  First Poem for You Essay Shelby, will not be separated from her only son (1-2). Here, the institution of slavery is shown in its worst aspect: the breaking up of families in the interest of the financial solvency of their masters. It was debated how often this was actually done, but this first few pages show the slave owning Shelby family as more or less humane, but forced due to circumstances to part with slaves, slaves, like Tom himself, who has befriended the son of the Shelby family. But stronger than all was maternal love, wrought into a paroxysm of frenzy by the near approach of a fearful danger. Her boy was old enough to have walked by her side, and, in an indifferent case, she would only have led him by the hand; but now the bare thought of putting him out of her arms made her shudder, and she strained him to her bosom with a convulsive grasp, as she went rapidly forward (1). This passage is an important part of the introduction to this chapter in that it places maternal power at the center of the war against slavery. It is this fear mixed with love that will keep Eliza moving forward. â€Å"Sublime is the dominion of the mind over the body, that, for a time, can make flesh and nerve impregnable, and string the sinews like steel, so that the weak become so mighty. † It is love, ths power of mind, the love for her son that keeps her moving forward, rather to face death, freezing, or torture if caught rather than be apart from her boy (2). It seems that, as Eliza continues her trek forward, that her body has become completely subsumed under her mind, and her love. Hence, she refuses to eat what she has packed for the trip North, and instead only wants her son to eat (3). But along with the power of a mother’s love, is the power of the belief in God and his Scriptures: â€Å"An hour before sunset, she entered the village of T , by the Ohio river, weary and foot-sore, but still strong in heart. Her first glance was at the river, which lay, like Jordan, between her and the Canaan of liberty on the other side. † (4). This passage is telling, in that it provides Old Testament references to the move toward liberty. The move of slaves northward to freedom is likened to the move of Israelites, themselves slaves to the Egyptians, over the Jordan river to the Canaanite valley which God has chosen for his people. For the slave treated harshly and not given even basic freedoms, the move northward was considered the promised land, the land of freedom, regardless of the hardships of slavery: this is the indictment of the institution as a whole. Slaves wold risk everything to avoid the institution, even a more or less comfortable existence that Eliza enjoyed with the Shelby’s. In this chapter, the mood is that if God closes one door, He opens another. So with Eliza gets to the river, the barrier between herself and freedom, it has been largely iced over (5). Given this, the ferry will not run. However, she is briefly taken in by a family connected with the ferry house on her side of the river. The action quickly and awkwardly shifts back to the slave quarters at Mrs. Shelby’s, where the slaves are speaking about the upcoming sale. Speaking of the slave trader, Chloe says, â€Å"He desarves it! † said Aunt Chloe, grimly; â€Å"hes broke a many, many, many hearts, I tell ye all! † she said, stopping, with a fork uplifted in her hands; â€Å"its like what Masr George reads in Ravelations, souls a callin under the altar! and a callin on the Lord for vengeance on sich! and by and by the Lord hell hear em so he will! † (7). This is very important, since it is clear that the slaves hold that God is on their side, not the other way around. On the other hand, this point of view is made more ambagious by Uncle Tom’s statement that damming people to Hell is not a very nice thing to do, and that eternal punishment is not a fit crime for selling slaves, which after all, is not eternal (7). This creates a concept of equivocalness where two factions of the slave population have two different points of view: the first, that of Chloe, that slavers are evil and will be punished to Hell, and the more moderate view of Uncle Tom, that slavers are victims of circumstance, who themselves, did not invent this institution. But Aunt Chloe responds, though indirectly to Uncle Tom: â€Å"Dont natur herself kinder cry out on em? † said Aunt Chloe. â€Å"Dont dey tear der suckin baby right off his mothers breast, and sell him, and der little children as is crying and holding on by her clothes, dont dey pull em off and sells em? Dont dey tear wife and husband apart? † said Aunt Chloe, beginning to cry, â€Å"when its jest takin the very life on em? and all the while does they feel one bit, dont dey drink and smoke, and take it oncommon easy? Lor, if the devil dont get them, whats he good for? † And Aunt Chloe covered her face with her checked apron, and began to sob in good earnest. (8) Again, Stowe is making another attack on slavery here, using the splitting up of families as her center line of argument. Since she is dealing with a family that treats their slaves moderately well, she cannot really rely on the physical violence argument so common in anti-slavery polemics. Since motherhood is at the center of this work, it seems that the basic argument against slavery is that since slaves have no freedom, they cannot fight back when their families are taken apart. Hence, Stowe holds that the family, especially the mother, is the institution of society that maintains moral norms and hence, will be the institution that takes slavery apart. If anything, this is the primary case against slavery being made here. Moving back to the action on the Ohio river, Eliza has been spotted by the slave trader, the very focus of evil throughout this book. It must also be pointed out that the trader and his style of life are equally repugnant to the Shelby’s (10). But as far as Liza is concerned, when she is spotted, A thousand lives seemed to be concentrated in that one moment to Eliza. Her room opened by a side door to the river. She caught her child, and sprang down the steps towards it. The trader caught a full glimpse of her just as she was disappearing down the bank; and throwing himself from his horse, and calling loudly on Sam and Andy, he was after her like a hound after a deer. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought her to the waters edge. Right on behind they came; and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond. It was a desperate leap impossible (14). This passage is worth extended comment. First of all, as God has closed the door of the ferry, he has opened another, more dangerous door, that of skipping over the ice cakes. This seems powerfully symbolic: the ice represents the cold hearts of the slave traders and even the good slave owners. Under intense pressure, the power of family–of motherhood–takes over, what seems impossible is not so, if God is on your side. Slavery, it seems, will be defeated by slave mothers trampling on the cold hearts of the slave owners through material love and devotion to get to freedom. On the other side, Eliza meets a friendly farmer, Mr. Symmes, who assists in her escape. Stowe remarks on page 10, â€Å"So spoke this poor, heathenish Kentuckian, who had not been instructed in his constitutional relations, and consequently was betrayed into acting in a sort of Christianized manner, which, if he had been better situated and more enlightened, he would not have been left to do. † Again, a powerful statement is being made here: since slave owners were normally of the â€Å"gentlemanly† class, that is, the civilized class, civilization is equated with the dominating of slaves. Since poor whites were not slave owners (and treated only little better than the blacks) and were not part of their civilization, they had not â€Å"learned† about the inferiority of blacks and the racial and class hierarchy of the South. Therefore, their lack of civilization is a good thing, since simple common sense seems to dominate over â€Å"civilized manners. † Hence, the hero of the story (or at least of the chapter) is this simple farmer from Kentucky who does not represent civilization, but simple agrarian manners and common sense morality. Hence, in conclusion, Stowe is making several points here. First, that the real evil of slavery is the destruction of the family. If the family is the center of social life in that it is the bearer of tradition and moral values, then its destruction must lead to the beastialization of society. This might explain the evil of the slave traders, since they seem to specialize in breaking up families, and hence, are the very symbol of this beastialization. Second, a mother’s love, coupled with God’s force, will lead the southern slaves to freedom. Third, that freedom must be earned, and this is applicable to slaves and slave owners, both of which have not known freedom. Slave owners are as debased by slavery as the slave, since he is dependent upon them and hence, not free. Lastly, that nothing is impossible with God, and with a love of freedom. This is the case against slavery, in that it crushes all of these impulses, impulses that God as implanted in the human spirit and hence, are part of His creation, now enslaved by others. All quotes above are from the Virginia University edition of Uncle Toms Cabin, Published by the University of Virginia E-Text Center of the University of Virginia Library System. (http://etext. lib. virginia. edu/etcbin/toccer-new2? id=StoCabi. sgmimages=images/modengdata=/texts/english/modeng/parsedtag=publicpart=7division=div1)

The Evolution Of Canada :: Canadian Culture

The Evolution Of Canada Canada, independent nation in North America. A country rich in minerals and agriculture, it was settled by the French and English and became an independent Commonwealth country with a federal system of government, in which the provinces enjoy a large measure of autonomy. Land and Economy. The 2nd-largest country in the world (after the USSR), Canada occupies the N half of the North American continent, stretching E and W from the Atlantic to Pacific oceans, N from the 49th parallel to the North Pole, including all the islands in the Arctic Ocean from W of Greenland to Alaska. It is divided into 10 provinces, which are (E-W): Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. Two territories--Northwest Territories and Yukon Territory--are in the N and NW. The outstanding geological feature is the Canadian Shield, a 1,850,000-sq- mi (4,791,500-sq-km) arc of Pre-Cambrian rock from Labrador around Hudson Bay to the Arctic islands. The Shield, site of once great mountain chains worn down and covered by the sea, contains valuable minerals--gold, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, and zinc--making Canada one of the most important mining countries in the world. The Shield's N portion is a treeless plain with permanently frozen subsoil; in its S section are forests. Extending from the Shield's W border to the Canadian Rockies are prairies more than 800mi (1,288km) wide that yield wheat, the dominant crop, and are centers of livestock raising. W Canada is a land of mountains with fishing, agriculture, and lumbering as important industries. With the development of major oil and natural gas deposits since the 1950s in the W, the now-dominant energy industry has resulted in dramatic economic growth there, and made Canada a major oil-producing country. The E provinces provide rich farm lands, forests, coal mines, and major fishing sources along the long coastline. Source of a route into the interior for early settlers, the St Lawrence-Great Lakes area is the most populous section of Canada as well as its economic and political center. It contains over 60% of the population. Abundant minerals have made Canada the world leader in the production of silver, nickel, potash, and zinc; second in gypsum, asbestos, uranium, and sulfur; third in gold, lead, and platinum; fourth in magnesium and fifth in copper. Timber is also valuable, and Canada is a world leader in newsprint production. The growth of manufacturing during the 1950s and 1960s changed Canada from a rural society to an industrial and urban country. Farming employs 7% of the working population.

Toothpaste Market in China

(Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 (Excerpt) Huidian Research Publication Date: May 2012 (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 11. Consumer Market Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry 11. 2 Target Consumer Group Research of Toothpaste Products 11. 2. 3 Consumer Views to Demanded Suitable Toothpaste Type Fig. 40 Demand of Suitable Toothpaste Type Types of Toothpaste Usage Number ConsumerType of ratio Herbaceous Type 85 35% Whitening Type 109 44% Chinese Herbal Medicine Type 44 18% Other Types 8 3% Source: Huidian Research It can be seen from the table above, the most needed type of toothpaste is the whitening type. This shows that consumers pay great attention to vigorous and graceful. In today’s society, image is a very important project, so teeth whitening became a ho t topic gradually. It is easy to see that with the development of society, people pay more and more attention to their images. Teeth are also a part of image and tooth whiting becomes a concern issue, too.Therefore, the whitening toothpaste has become the pursuit of consumers. Table of Contents Chapter I. Status Quo of Industrial Development 1. Overview of Toothpaste Industry 1. 1 Definition and Classification 1. 1. 1 Definition 1. 1. 2 Characteristic 1. 2 Maturity Grade Analysis of Global Toothpaste Industrial Development 1. 2. 1 Market Maturity Grade Comparison between Home and Abroad 1. 2. 2 Maturity Grade Analysis of Toothpaste Industry and Sub-industries 2. Development of Global Toothpaste Industry 2. 1 Analysis of Global Toothpaste Market 2. 2 Characteristics of Toothpaste Market in Major Countries . Development Status Quo of China’s Toothpaste Industry 3. 1 Development Status Quo of China’s Toothpaste Industry 3. 1. 1 Development Status Quo of Toothpaste Industr ial Brand (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 3. 1. 2 Status Quo of Toothpaste Industrial Consumer Market 3. 1. 3 Consumption Level of Toothpaste Market 3. 2 Development Situation of Toothpaste Industry from 2009 to 2011 3. 3 Operation of Toothpaste Industry from 2009 to 2011 3. 1. 1 Profit of Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 3. 1. Production and Marketing of Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 3. 4 Analysis and Thinking about China’s Toothpaste Market 4. Research on China’s Toothpaste Market Development 4. 1 Research on China’s Toothpaste Market Development in 2010 4. 2 Market Situation of China’s Toothpaste Industry in 2011 4. 3 Development Characteristic of China’s Toothpaste Market in 2012 5. Consumer Survey of China’s Toothpaste Market 5. 1 Consumer Survey of China’s Toothpaste Market Consumption in 2010 5. 1. 1 Overall Market Share 5. 1. 2 Marker Share in Key Citi es 5. 1. 3 Used Rate Analysis 5. 1. 4 Toothpaste Types in Use . 1. 5 Toothpaste Using Quantity within Half a Year (150g Pack) 5. 1. 6 Purchasing Place 5. 2 Characteristic Research on China’s Toothpaste Users in 2010 5. 2. 1 Characteristics of Colgate Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 2 Characteristics of Crest Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 3 Characteristics of Zhonghua Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 4 Characteristics of Darlie Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 5 Characteristics of Yunnan Baiyao Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 6 Characteristics of LG Bamboo Salt Toothpaste’s Users 5. 2. 7 Characteristics of Amway Glister Toothpaste’s Users 6. Economic Operation Analysis of Toothpaste Industry . 1 Analysis of Toothpaste Output from 2010 to 2011 6. 2 Main Economic Indicator Analysis of Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 6. 3 Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industrial Performance from 2010 to 2011 6. 3. 1 Analysis of Industrial Profitability from 2010 to 201 1 6. 3. 2 Analysis of Industrial Operation Capability from 2010 to 2011 6. 3. 3 Analysis of Industrial Solvency from 2010 to 2011 6. 3. 4 Analysis of Industrial Growth Capability from 2010 to 2011 7. Import and Export of China’s Toothpaste Industry 7. 1 Import Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 7. Export Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 8. Development Analysis of Toothpaste Market Segment (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 8. 1 Traditional Chinese Medicine Toothpaste 8. 1. 1 Analysis of Industrial Development Status Quo from 2010 to 2011 8. 1. 2 Analysis of Market Scale from 2010 to 2011 8. 1. 3 Analysis of Industrial Development Strategy from 2010 to 2011 8. 2 Fluoride Toothpaste 8. 2. 1 Introduction 8. 2. 2 New Standards 8. 2. 3 Limit of Fluorine Content in Children’s Toothpaste 8. 3 Salty Toothpaste 8. 3. 1 Development Status . 3. 2 Salty Toothpa ste became the First Choice of Consumers 9. Development Analysis of Relevant Industries 9. 1 Toothbrush 9. 1. 1 Analysis of Toothbrush Market 9. 1. 2 Analysis of Electric Toothbrush Market Opportunity 9. 1. 3 Development Trend of Toothbrush Industry 9. 2 Mouthwash 9. 2. 1 Introduction 9. 2. 2 Mouthwash Brand 9. 2. 3 Introduction of Consumption Status 10. Regional Market Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry 10. 1 North China 10. 2 Northeast Region 10. 3 Eastern China 10. 4 South China 10. 5 Central China 10. 6 Western China 11. Consumer Market Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry 11. Income Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Consumer 11. 1. 1 Analysis of China’s Population and People’s Livelihood 11. 1. 2 Analysis of Consumer Income Level from 2010 to 2011 11. 1. 3 Analysis of Consumer Confidence Index in 2011 11. 2 Research on Target Consumer Group of Toothpaste Products 11. 2. 1 Consumer Views to Toothpaste Prices 11. 2. 2 Consumer Views to Toot hpaste Demanded Functions 11. 2. 3 Consumer Views to Demanded Suitable Toothpaste Type 11. 3 Factors Affecting Consumer Behavior 11. 3. 1 Social Productive Force 11. 3. 2 Consumers’ Income and Commodity Price 11. 3. 3 Personal Preference 1. 3. 4 National Tradition (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 11. 3. 5 Individual Character and Self-concept Chapter II. Industrial Competitive Structure 12. Competitive Structure Analysis of Toothpaste Industry 12. 1 Analysis of Industrial Competitive Structure 12. 2 Analysis of Industrial Concentration Degree 12. 2. 1 Analysis of Market Concentration Degree 12. 2. 2 Analysis of Enterprise Concentration Degree 12. 3 Overview of Competitive Structure in China’s Toothpaste Industry 12. 4 Research of Toothpaste Brands in 2010 12. Competitive Structure Analysis of Toothpaste Industry from 2010 to 2011 13. Competitive Strategy Analysis of Toothpaste Enterprises 13. 1 Competitive S trategy Analysis of Toothpaste Market 13. 1. 1 Product Upgrade 13. 1. 2 Focus on Channel Construction 13. 1. 3 Brand Construction 13. 2 Competitive Strategy Analysis of Toothpaste Enterprises 13. 2. 1 Foreign Capital 13. 2. 2 Native Capital 13. 2. 3 Other Kinds of Capital 14. Competitive Analysis of Foreign Key Toothpaste Enterprises 14. 1 Colgate-Palmolive Company 14. 1. 1 Company Profile 14. 1. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 14. 1. Operation Situation 14. 1. 4 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 14. 2 Procter & Gamble (P&G) 14. 2. 1 Company Profile 14. 2. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 14. 2. 3 Operation Situation from 2012 to 2015 14. 2. 4 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 14. 3 Unilever 14. 3. 1 Company Profile 14. 3. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 14. 3. 3 Operation Situation from 2012 to 2015 14. 3. 4 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 14. 4 LG Household & Health Care 14. 4. 1 Company Profile 14. 4. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 14. 4. 3 Op eration Situation from 2012 to 2015 14. 4. Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 15. Competitive Analysis of Key Toothpaste Enterprises 15. 1 Guangzhou Masson Share Co. Ltd. 15. 1. 1 Company Profile 15. 1. 2 Analysis of Competitive Situation 15. 1. 3 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 15. 2 Liuzhou LMZ Co. , Ltd. 15. 2. 1 Company Profile 15. 2. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 15. 2. 3 Operation Situation from 2010 to 2011 15. 2. 4 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 15. 3 Yunnan Baiyao Group Co. , Ltd. 15. 3. 1 Company Profile 15. . 2 Sales Mode 15. 3. 3 Operation Situation from 2010 to 2011 15. 3. 4 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 15. 4 Nice Group 15. 4. 1 Company Profile 15. 4. 2 Operation Situation from 2010 to 2011 15. 4. 3 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 15. 5 Dencare (Chongqing) Oral Care Co. , Ltd. 15. 5. 1 Company Profile 15. 5. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 15. 5. 3 Shortage of Dencare 15. 6 Haolai Chemical (zhongshan) Co. , Ltd. 15. 6. 1 Company Profile 15. 6. 2 Analysis of Competitive Advantages 15. 6. 3 Development Strategy from 2012 to 2015 Chapter III. Forecast of Industrial Prospect 6. Analysis of Toothpaste Industrial Development Trend 16. 1 Prospect and Opportunity Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Industry 16. 2 Development Trend Analysis of China’s Toothpaste Market from 2012 to 2015 16. 2. 1 Product Aspect 16. 2. 2 Price Aspect 16. 2. 3 Channel Aspect 16. 2. 4 Promotion Aspect 16. 2. 5 Packaging Aspect 16. 2. 6 Spread Aspect 17. Forecast of Toothpaste Industrial Development 17. 1 Forecast of Demand and Consumption (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forecast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 17. 1. 1 Forecast of Market Scale from 2012 to 2015 17. 1. Forecast of Industrial Gross Output Value from 2012 to 2015 17. 1. 3 Forecast of Industrial Sales Revenue from 2012 to 2015 17. 1. 4 Forecas t of Industrial Total Assets from 2012 to 2015 17. 2 Demand and Supply Forecast of China’s Toothpaste Industry 17. 2. 1 Supply Forecast from 2010 to 2015 17. 2. 2 Demand Forecast from 2012 to 2015 17. 2. 3 Supply and Demand Balance Forecast from 2012 to 2015 Chapter IV. Research of Investment Strategy 18. Investment Status Quo Analysis of Toothpaste Industry 18. 1 Investment Status Analysis of Toothpaste Industry in 2010 18. 1. 1 Investment Status by Registration in 2010 18. 1. Investment Status of Small-sized, Medium-sized and Large-sized Enterprises in 2010 18. 1. 3 Investment Status by Holding Type in 2010 18. 2 Investment Status Analysis of Toothpaste Industry in 2011 18. 2. 1 Investment Status by Registration in 2011 18. 2. 2 Investment Status of Small-sized, Medium-sized and Large-sized Enterprises in 2011 18. 2. 3 Investment Status by Holding Type in 2011 19. Investment Environment Analysis of Toothpaste Industry 19. 1 Analysis of Economic Development Environment 19. 2 Analysis of Policy, Laws and Regulations Environment 20. Investment Opportunity and Risk of Toothpaste Industry 0. 1 Comparison and Analysis of Industrial Activity Coefficient 20. 2 Comparison and Analysis of the Rate of Return on Investment 20. 3 Return on Investment Forecast of Toothpaste Industry from 2012 to2015 20. 4 Analysis of Investment Risk and Control Strategy 21. Research of Toothpaste Industrial Investment Strategy 21. 1 Research of Development Strategy 21. 2 Strategic Thinking of China’s Toothpaste Brands 21. 1. 1 Significance of Enterprise Brands 21. 1. 2 Meaning of Brand Strategy Implement 21. 1. 3 Status Quo Analysis of Toothpaste Brands 21. 1. 4 Brand Strategy of China’s Toothpaste Enterprises 1. 1. 5 Strategic Management Strategy of Toothpaste Brands 21. 3 Operation and Management Strategies of Toothpaste Enterprises 21. 3. 1 Grasp the Market Demand 21. 3. 2 Establish a Wide Network and Convenience for Purchase (Excerpt) Research and Investment Forec ast Evaluation of Toothpaste Market in China, 2011-2015 21. 3. 3 Stimulate Consumption and Create Demand 21. 3. 4 Focus on Product Brands 21. 3. 5 Control Product Quality 21. 3. 6 Strengthen Management and Controlling Force 21. 3. 7 Strengthen the Advertising Promotion 21. 4 Research of Toothpaste Industry Investment Strategy

Odysseus- Everett Comparison

The poem â€Å"The Odyssey† details the story of a man named Odysseus who went through many trials and tribulations while trying to get home to his family. In the past, many stories, movies, and other works of literature have based its plot around the story: â€Å"The Odyssey†. However, there is one movie that stands out as unique and its title is â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†. The producers, Joel and Ethan Coen, did a wonderful job in making actor Ulysses Everett McGill represent Odysseus.Everett from â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou† and Odysseus from Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey† are very similar in many ways, but contrast in multiple qualities and characteristics as well. In â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou†, the main character, Everett is on a voyage trying to return home to his family. Everett tries to escape Parchman Farm after he hears that his wife was about to remarry a suitor named Vernon T. Waldrip in two days. He tricks his â⠂¬Å"Chain Gang† into believing that they were going after treasure; clearly demonstrating the love, loyalty, and courage that he has for his wife.As a result of this event, he caused the authorities to go on a Louisiana wide man hunt for Everett while creating a new relationship between himself and two other members of the â€Å"Chain Gang†. Like Everett, Odysseus â€Å"has been wandering for ten years on the sea, to find his family;† however, little did he know his absence allowed suitors to besiege his wife with proposals. For this reason, Odysseus laid siege on the suitors on his island. In this example, the situation that Everett and Odysseus were in is very similar.They both have to make a long journey to get back to their families and return to their original life style. Through the actions that Everett performs, one can see the similarities between himself and Odysseus. In â€Å"O Brother Where Art Thou? †, Everett bombards a Ku Klux Klan meeting to save his friend Tommy from being lynched due to his skin color showing Everett’s willingness to sacrifice his own life, as well as Pete’s and Delmar’s, to save Tommy’s. In addition, they end up incinerating some of the Klansmen (including Bid Dan) with a large burning cross by snipping the wires that supported it.In â€Å"The Odyssey† Odysseus is in a similar situation like Everett but the person he is trying to save is his wife, Penelope by â€Å"[drawing] his fist [in the shape of] the cruel head of an arrow†¦ Odysseus hit him under the chin†¦Ã¢â‚¬  which shows the courage that Odysseus had to shoot the arrow that saved his wife (xxii 7-14). Analyzing the two examples, one can see that Odysseus and Everett were willing to perform courageous acts to protect the people whom they love.Even though there are many similarities between Everett and Odysseus, there is a major difference between the two; their view on faith. In â€Å"O Brothe r Where Art Thou† Tommy informs the â€Å"Chain Gang† that he sold his soul to the devil to learn how to play guitar better. Further, Everett tells Tommy that Pete and Delmar had just been baptized and he’s the only one who is unaffiliated with any type of religious figure. This shows that Everett believes in no religion, no God, and no miracles.In contrast to Everett, Odysseus believes in the Gods by saying â€Å"Now watch me hit a target that no man has hit before, if I can make this shot. Help me Apollo† showing his strong belief that he had, had in the God Apollo (xxii 4-6). For this reason Apollo granted him a straight shot on the suitor. In any case, their faith sets the two men apart from one another. In many ways the two men’s bravery brought them to victory and also proves the similarities between the two; however, certain beliefs such as religion causes the men to differ.Everett is a good representation of Odysseus, but there are fatal fla ws between the two which cause them to be starkly different. Whether or not, one analyzes the similarities which show common strengths, or the conflict of differing religions, which make each man respectively stronger, one can analyze that all men are created different. No one man is the same as his neighbor and that makes the world to accept all races, genders, and ideology.

How to Avoid Costly Mistakes on Your Common Application - guest article by Nancy Griesemer

How to Avoid Costly Mistakes on Your Common Application - guest article by Nancy Griesemer Introduction by Brenda Bernstein: As college application deadlines approach, I wanted to share some tips on the actual submission of your application. I give this same advice to job seekers by the way (â€Å"Print your resume!†). We have been so lulled by the convenience of online forms that we forget to dot our i’s and cross our t’s. On the Common Application, carelessness can lead to errors and missing information. Following the advice in Nancy Griesemer’s article below might be the most important thing you do as you prepare to submit your college applications! Its All About the Print Preview or Why Your Application Looks Funny by Nancy Griesemer In the old days, applying to college required a dependable typewriter and gallons of correction fluid. Although it was a tedious process that kept application production to a minimum, final documents told a story and reflected something about the care with which the entire application package was put together. These days, every document submitted through an electronic system like the Common Application looks exactly the same- tediously the same. Instead of style and neatness, what differentiates applications is attention to small details and the ability to navigate limitations imposed by the software controlling the submission. And keep in mind, what colleges see is exactly what you see when you preview the document. So its up to you to check for accuracy, completeness, and how well the document â€Å"presents† to readers looking at hundreds of virtually identical forms. This holds true for the Common Application, the Universal College Application (UCA) or most other applications you submit electronically. And this is why all systems strongly suggest you â€Å"Print Preview† your document before pushing the submit button- regardless of how tired you are or how close you are coming to deadline. Otherwise, you risk sending a document that may contain errors or is weirdly cutoff. In case you’re curious, this is because when you complete an application online, your response is posted in an efficient â€Å"variable-width† typeface. Systems can only enforce a character count and cannot measure the physical length of a response. And not all characters are created equal. For example, the Common Application sets a 1000 character limit on the question asking you to â€Å"briefly elaborate on one of your extracurricular activities or work experiences.† The suggested â€Å"word† limit is 150 words or fewer. But because characters are not equal in the amount of space they take up, your essay can easily exceed the word limit imposed by the document. If you doubt this is the case, try typing 1000 â€Å"W’s† or â€Å"M’s† and paste your â€Å"document† into the answer box. You’ll find that all are happily accepted by the program. Now, press preview. What you will see is only about half of your â€Å"document.† If you substitute with 1000 â€Å"i’s†, you will see all of the document plus lots of additional white space allowing for even more characters. â€Å"W’s† and â€Å"M’s† take up way more space than â€Å"i’s.† In the Common Application, the problem occurs not only in the short answer section but also in the fill-in-the blank responses in the â€Å"Extracurricular Activities and Work Experience† section. Even if the application allows you to describe in detail all the awards and honors you received as a member of your high school dance team, it’s possible they will not all show up on the documents colleges actually read. A second, more obscure formatting problem involves spacing. If you persist in hitting the â€Å"enter† key for multiple paragraphs or if you like to write in haikus, you easily run the risk of scrolling beyond the space allotted for an essay response, regardless of the word or character limit. The Common Application appears to allow no more than eight single lines in the 150 word short answer, even if those lines are single words and fall well within all limitations. Finally, please be aware that neither the Common App nor the UCA â€Å"spellchecks† your documents. For those of you who print previewed your documents after pushing the â€Å"submit† button and noted some truncating, don’t despair. If you stayed within the character limit- in other words, if the application allowed you to type your entire answer, the data is still there. It is available to readers if they care to take the time to go back into the system and read the complete answer. I won’t lie to you, however. It’s not easy to retrieve the data, and it’s extremely unlikely that the average admissions reader will bother. And sad to say, spelling errors are yours to own. Keep in mind that you may correct both of these problems in alternate versions of your electronic application. You cannot resend, but you can make corrections for applications you send in the future. So what should you do? Preview- not just for typos but also for what shows up on the document. If truncating occurs in such a way that the response makes no sense, go back and edit. Look for extra words and tighten up your prose or paragraphing. For other responses, use standard or easy-to-understand abbreviations (capt. for captain). Do not use text-speak or nonstandard abbreviations. Unfortunately, there is a little more bad news for users of the Common Application. The Common App’s system requirements list a limited number of â€Å"supported browsers,† which include modern versions of Internet Explorer and Safari, among others. Students using Safari, however, have reported problems previewing applications. And anyone using an older version of Internet Explorer or Chrome could be out of luck. Hopefully, these issues will be corrected in next year’s version of the Common App. For now, you’ll just have to put up with the inconvenience and move your operation to a computer using a supported browser. You can go through some gyrations to make it work, but frankly, it’s usually easier to simply move computers. By the way, the Universal College Application does not have similar browser limitations or issues. In the event you are experiencing problems with your online application, do not hesitate to contact the various â€Å"support centers. But whatever you do, don’t wait until the last minute. Responses can be significantly delayed depending on traffic to the site. [Republished with permission of Nancy Griesemer. Original article can be found at https://collegeexplorations.blogspot.com/2012/11/its-all-about-print-preview-or-why-your.html] Need assistance with writing a college application essay? Contact The Essay Expert at 608-467-0067 or through our Web Form. Save

Where to Buy Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate

Where to Buy Saltpeter or Potassium Nitrate You used to be able to buy potassium nitrate as saltpeter in many garden supply stores. While it is difficult to find saltpeter, you can still purchase potassium nitrate, which is used to make smoke bombs and certain other fireworks. Stores That Sell Potassium Nitrate One of the most common sources of pure potassium nitrate is stump remover. In the United States, you can find it at Lowes or Home Depot, among other places. Look for the Spectracide brand in those stores near the insecticides. Be sure to check the label to make certain potassium nitrate is the first (and preferably only) ingredient. If you cant find potassium nitrate  at a store in your area, you can  order it online at Amazon, plus its a chemical you can make it yourself. Make Potassium Nitrate Even if you cant find potassium nitrate, you can make it. All you need is a cold pack that lists potassium nitrate as an ingredient and salt substitute that lists potassium chloride as the only ingredient. It has to be salt substitute and not lite salt, because the latter also contains sodium chloride. If you use lite salt, youll end up with a mixture of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, which might be useful for your purpose, but isnt the same as pure potassium nitrate and will burn yellow rather than purple. You need; 40 grams ammonium nitrate from the cold pack37 grams potassium chloride from the salt substitute100 milliliters water Dissolve the ammonium nitrate in the water.Filter the solution to remove any undissolved matter. You can use a coffee filter or a paper towel.Add the potassium chloride to the liquid and gently heat the mixture to dissolve the salt. Dont boil it.Filter the solution to remove solids.Chill the liquid on ice or in the freezer. The potassium chloride will freeze out as crystals, leaving ammonium chloride in solution.Pour off the liquid and let the crystals dry. This is your potassium nitrate. You could also save the ammonium chloride, too. If you want the ammonium chloride, let the water evaporate and recover the solid material. The reaction exchanges the ions in the compounds: NH4NO3   KCl → KNO3   NH4Cl The products can be separated because they have different solubilities. As you chill the mixture, potassium nitrate readily solidifies. Ammonium chloride is more soluble, so it remains in solution. Even though the solution is on ice or in the freezer, it wont freeze because the particles cause freezing point depression of the water. This is why these chemicals can be used to de-ice roads! Keep in mind, the potassium nitrate you get from the reaction wont be reagent-grade purity. However, it should be pure enough for most chemistry experiments and fireworks projects.

Partnership Agreement Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Partnership Agreement - Case Study Example Except as Otherwise determined, all decisions shall be made by the partners whose capital accounts total a majority of the value of the capital accounts of all the partners 11. Bank Account. The partnership may select a bank for the purpose of opening a bank account. Funds in the bank account shall be withdrawn by checks signed by any partner designated by the partnership. 14. Transfers to a Trust. A partner may, after giving written notice to the other partners, transfer his/her interest in the partnership to a revocable living trust of which he/she is the grantor and sole trustee. 17. Voluntary Withdrawal (Partial or Full) of a Partner. Any partner may withdraw apart or all of the value of his/her capital account in the partnership and the partnership shall continue as a taxable entity. The partner withdrawing a portion or all of the value of his/her capital account shall give notice of such intention in writing to the Recording Partner. Written notice shall be deemed to be received as of the first meeting of the partnership at which it is presented. if written notice is received between meetings it will be treated as received at the first following meeting. In making payment, the value of the partnership as set forth in the valuation statement prepared for the first meeting following the meeting at which written notice is received from a partner requesting a partial or full

HealthSouth SOX Violations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

HealthSouth SOX Violations - Research Paper Example The mandating of not for profit corporations to utilize the SOX (2002) will improve their operations significantly towards the reduction of fraud. The SOX (2002) provides for ethical management practices. For that reason, whereas profit corporations do not have shareholder protection, there is a need to protect donors of nonprofits (Dalton & Dalton, 2011). The SOX (2002) prohibits the occurrence of corporate fraud among public companies. The bill was enacted after the occurrence of corporate scandals prior to 2002 such as Enron and WorldCom. The scandals resulted in billions of dollars of losses in investor value due to the collapse of these companies as well as the overall negative effect to the stock exchange of the United States. In the establishment of the SOX (2002), the goal was to promote ethical behavior among corporate executives across all industries. Hence, in the evaluation of the SOX (2002) in the healthcare industry, the assessment is a reflection of the performance of the SOX (2002) generally. In the healthcare industry, the SOX (2002) has promoted the reduction of the excesses of financial fraud. The full implementation of the SOX (2002) improved the internal controls of organizations in the healthcare industry. As a result, it improves the audit trails, data integrity, policy and procedures of organizations. Overall, i nvestors within the industry could now enjoy better accountability from the executives of the healthcare organization. The healthcare executives had high ethical standards to meet in light of the SOX (2002) with fines and jail terms providing sufficient deterrents against the occurrence of financial fraud (Coates, 2007). The organization had multiple deficiencies that increased the opportunities for fraud.  

Scientific Concepts and Methodologies Assignment

Scientific Concepts and Methodologies - Assignment Example The lag phase is described with minimized or no uptake of water after the previous imbibition. The water that is imbibed in the first phase is crucial to the processes of physiology that takes place in the second phase. The third phase is the radical protrusion (Vysotï ¸  sï ¸ ¡kiĭ, Kornilova & Smirnov, 2009). The effect of up taking water is the cell enlargement which is characterized by the cell division. The small root enlargement helps in weakening the walls of cells and breaks through the coat of seed. It is evident, that water plays a crucial factor in the germination phases. Water is among the main environmental factors that affect the seed germination. In some cases, water is a single factor that will limit if or not a seed is going to germinate. In the case of marigolds, a given temperature needs to break the dormancy for the marigolds to start the first stage of taking up water. The seeds of marigolds take in water in three staged, each is characterized by the amount of water absorbed and the impact it will have on the amount that is absorbed and the impact it has on the seed itself. The hypothesis if water is given to the marigold seed, the seed will germinate and later grow compared to the seed having no water was supported. From the observation, only three of the seeds without water grew. In the controlled group 8 of the 10 seeds germinated and later grew. The average growth for the controlled group was 4.37 while the average growth for the experimental group was 0.38. Therefore, given water is needed for a seed to grow. The water is important in chemical reactions since it is photosynthesis raw material. Without water no growth can take place and he plants will lack the energy to carry out chemical reactions. 9 of the planted seeds did not grow at all. 2 from the control group and 7 from the experimental group. It is no surprise that some of the marigold seeds did not germinate from the experimental

Importance Of Positive Interactions Children And Young People Essay

Importance Of Positive Interactions Children And Young People Essay It may be hard to establish a positive relationship with a child at first, the early years practitioners need to really get to know the children in their care in order to respond to them adequately. They need to know their interests, what frightens them or worries them, what makes them happy and sad and what annoys them. They need to be aware at what triggers their moods and they need to work out how to get each individual child to respond to them, trust them and open up to them and this is not very easy. Getting to know a child can be very difficult because they may be shy and may not like being around strangers and they also might be experiencing separation anxiety from their parents and may also be very wary of the setting they are in early years practitioners need to be aware that toys and games are no substitute for a warm and trusting relationship with an adult, who is actually interested in the child. Sometimes in early years settings the setting appoints each child with a key person, the key person will be responsible for helping the child settle in to the setting. The key person will try and build a genuine bond with the child so that they feel happy, confident, welcomed and valued. Babies and young children need to get to know there key person in order for them to feel safe and cared for. Also the key person will need to build up a good relationship with the childs parents and work together in finding ways for the best ways for the child to settle in, the child will settle more easily if they know they have one person who they can trust and rely on. Adults are a childs best resource and role model and by giving a child your complete attention are better than any toy or gadget. Most children long to be accepted in their surroundings and feel the need to belong and that their beliefs and opinions are respected and valued. By positively interacting with a child you will get to know that child really well, you will begin to understand what they like and d islike and once you know this you can plan appropriate activities for them to develop. A positive interaction with the child should start as soon as they come in in the morning by making sure the way you greet them is an extremely positive one as this is the most upsetting time for the child when their parents leave them. As the children get involved in activities you should be able to focus on what the child is saying and try and become a part of the conversation this lets the child think they are in the lead and you are taking direction from them and not the opposite way around, but there also maybe times when the child does not want or need input from an adult and by knowing the child you should know when to step back and quietly observe instead. All this comes from experience and how well you know the child, as you grow practitioner you will instinctively know when to intervene or simply just stand back and let the child explore. With all children they are all completely differe nt and some children will open up to you very easily as some children thrive on adult attention .however some children will not be so keen to open up and it will be extremely hard to build a positive relationship. They may find it difficult for a number of reasons for example they may be shy ,they may be experiencing problems outside the setting, they maybe unwell or just tired whatever the reason if the child has been in the setting for some time you should instantly tell why the child is being quiet or withdrawn and t maybe a good idea to have a word with the childs parents but if the child is new to the setting and are finding it difficult to settle in , it maybe that they are not interacting or communicating with anyone in the setting . Its down to the early years practitioners to try and find a way to get to know them better this might be a lot easier if you talk to the parents and find out the childs interests, try and spend quality time with the child on a one to one basis so you can gradually build up their trust. a child shouldnt be forced into mixing with others till they are ready to do so they may just like to watch and adjust to their new setting .books can be extremely good by getting the child to interact, find out what their favourite story is and offer to read it to them this may encourage the child to talk about the story. It is very important that your child as a positive relationship with their practitioner as the child may spend 5-7 hours a day with them. Interacting positively with the child from an early age is the basis for a good relationship which benefits the children immensely by positively interacting with the child they get one on one time with the practitioner and produce a positive relationship between them. By having a positive relationship it helps develop the childs cognitive skills , social emotional and language skills ; children not only obtain language and social skills but they also develop sensitivity , the ability to t alk out their problems, encouragement and the ability to ask questions . teacher child interactions are most developmentally appropriate when the teacher responds quickly , directly and warmly to the children this provides a variety of opportunities to engage in 2 way conversations and identifies and elaborates on the feelings , interests and activities of the children teachers which react in a sensitive and positive way are more likely to develop positive and nurturing relationships which is a key to a childs security , increasing the likelihood that the child will explore their environment giving them more opportunity to learn . 3.2. Describe why it is necessary to listen to children and effective ways of doing this. Children need to talk excessively and constantly and whilst we hear what they are saying do we really listen to them? If you ask children about adults who they like to be with, time and time again they will tell you, someone who they can talk to. Listening is an integral part of working effectively with children of all ages. It needs to begin when children are babies; babies need to see responses to their early vocalisation. Adults working with babies may smile, pick up a baby and reply by expanding the vocalisation. Later as children become more fluent speakers, the need to learn the skills of listening. Contrary to popular belief, this is not learnt by keeping them still and quiet, listening is actually an active skill and children need to learn to respond appropriately. they can do this if adults are actively listening to them . Active listening is more than just hearing: it involves thinking about what the other person (in this case a child) is trying to convey. Active listening also means giving a child your full attention, this can be hard in busy settings, but need to be prioritised. In most settings opportunities for active listening are linked to layout and routines. Preparing the fruit for snack time and wiping tables are examples of tasks can be done with a child chatting alongside. The key is to make sure children feel relaxed and they know that you are not in a rush or likely to be distracted. By listening closely to children we can identify their needs and capabilities and interests and also helps them build on their confidence and self-esteem. we can use this knowledge to plan activities and decide how to extend these activities in order to promote the childs learning in all areas of learning and development , some children take a while before they really get round to talking . This is one reason why it is important to create situations where you are not rushed. A child may simply begin by just wanting to be with you and gradually begin to want t o talk. Some children also need visual props and cues to help them. This is particular important in younger children. As well as children whom the language of the setting is not their own language. A child who cannot tell you cannot tell you what they want is likely to grab what they need by behaving badly. To listen to what a childs saying you need to give the child your full attention and make sure you know that you have done so face them, look them in the eye, lean in towards them and respond to what they are saying, do not deny or reject what they are saying. It is also important to remember that when we talk about listening to children we do not simply mean taking into account what they are saying through there spoken word. There are many ways in which a child can communicate or even very young babies or children with a developmental delay or disability can communicate in a number of ways. These children must also be listened to and their feelings taken into account. Early year s practitioners need to learn how to identify the right moment when to intervene in a childs conversation without taking control or finishing sentences for them you can do this by trying to expand on what they are saying through asking appropriate questions or giving relevant opinions. If a child begins to feel like what they have to say is of no consequence and you are not likely to take into account their opinions they will cease to voice them, speaking and listening are fundamental to everything we do every day. A childs communication skills need to be targeted daily. Their ability to talk and express themselves need to be nurtured and the best way this can be done is for early years practitioners to listen intently to what they have to say. We may not always agree with them and it may not always be possible to let them have what they request. However it is possible for us to listen to them and respond to them in an adequate and effective manner. 3.3 summarise the importance of spontaneous play and how this can be achieved in early years settings. Given the opportunity children play spontaneously which means they provide their own motivation to play and act without intervention of an adult .the time and type of play is totally decided by the child and activities can be stopped and taken up at will. Playing to the child is just spontaneous and may not have any goal or conclusion. Spontaneous play can be extremely effective and practitioners should make use of unexpected opportunities, for example it may suddenly start raining or snowing, this is the perfect opportunity for the children to build snowmen or just go out into the rain and explore the puddles in their wellys, or even look for rainbows. Spontaneous play can happen anytime or anywhere in all environments, jumping in leaves whilst walking to the park or just by picking up a teddy bear and starting a tea party are just a few examples of spontaneous play. It is essential that all early years workers understand and value spontaneous play in order to become sensitive faci litators. While most children embark on spontaneous play willingly, adults need to make the right provisions. It is important to remember that every child is an individual with their own needs and during development these needs change. facilitating spontaneous play requires careful planning , anticipating the next stage and adapting resources to fulfil the need of the child.in providing play , space ,resources , time and friends need to be considered. Appropriate space should be set aside for play. It should be big enough for free ranging activities for a child in relation to the childs developmental changes, play space should be safe and should have opportunities for exploration and investigation by the child. Provide stimulating resources that are appropriate for the specific child, resources should be easily obtainable and representable of a multi-cultural society and they all should be checked for safety. Spontaneous play depends on the child being given the opportunity to engag e in activities without interruption. They should be given enough time to do the specific play activity. At all stages of development children need playmates it is important for them to interact with children. Enthusiasm and encouragement from adults should be available when the children need it. Just by watching young children it is easy to see that play is often stimulating and rewarding , and they get a great deal of emotional satisfaction from playing . Although the differences are not always clear cut or easily understood, it is possible to identify distinct functions that play has for a child. Mary d Sheridan a researcher in child development for over 40 years termed these functions apprenticeship, research, occupational therapy and recreation Apprenticeship. As children get older they gradually develop competence in performing everyday tasks, such as dressing and feeding them or answering the telephone, play can provide the shills of acquiring such skills. Research. Children find out about the world around them through a process of observing, exploring, speculating and making discoveries. For example the child will learn about the properties of water which some things float and sink. Playing provides ample opportunities for this kind of learning. Occupational therapy. Play can have a soothing or distracting effect. It can be a simple escape from boredom, a means of diverting attention or coming to terms with things that are unpleasant such as pain. Recreation. This is the function of play that readily springs to mind. Children entertain themselves through play; they are simply just enjoying themselves and having fun. Studies carried out by researchers including Mary d Sheridan ,show that the functions that play fulfils for each child from moment to moment and day to day are part of the wider contribution that play makes to each childs overall development . In other words play helps children in their development. Bilbliography Beith, Kate and penny tassoni and Kath Bulmer childrens care learning and development oxford, Heinemann, 2005 Bruce, Tina and Carolynn meggitt childcare and education Oxon, book point ltd.